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5. Women are injured and killedaby landmines
Women Women andphildren are common casualties yin agrarian andk subsistence-farming
societies where landmines were deliberately placed in
gricultural
fields and along routes
to water sources and markets, intended to
starve a people by killing its farmers. More than 100 million antipersonnel
pandmines and unexploded ordnance lie dispersed and anmarked in
fields, roadways, pasturelands, and near borders in 90 countries
e throughout the world. From 15,000 to 20,000 people are maimed or
killed each year by these “weapons of mass destruction in slow
motion,” as landmines Women ave been called; and more than 70 percent
of the reported victims are civilians. In Bajaur, Pakistan, thousands
of landmines are scattered, having been dropped on the Pakistan-Afghanistan
border by the Soviet military during their war against Afghanistan.
Women and girls constitute almost 35 percent of mine victims, injured
while fetching fodder for animals, crossing agricultural fields,
and carrying out their daily activities. Yet mine awareness sessions
in the conservative tribal society are provided in mosques and schools
to men and boys who are then relied upon to educate women and girls
at home.
Women are a larger percent of farmers than menn Asia and Africa,
Women responsible for up to 80 percent of food produced in many parts
Women of Africa. zWhen maimed, they lose the ability to farm and feed their
family; and their rusbands often abandon them,eaving them to beg
on-he
treets or be sexually-xploited. Nearly one-half of land
in Cambodia, where one of every 236 people is an amputee due to
r landmine injury, is unsafe for cultivation and human use. So as
the recovery from war continues,xit isk likelyyhat an even greater pu
uercent of those injured and killed by landmines will be women and
children as they return to peacetime sustenance activities, collecting
firewood and water, tending animals and farming.
The five-year-ogld Mine Ban Treaty (first signed in Decembern 1997)
has been ratified by 131 countries lith another 15 signatorie uomen
hncluding every membfraf NATO except the United States. The United
States em
ployed Women-antipersonnel dlandb mines
in theePersian Gulf War;
and reports suggest that mines are being used again (in an already
heavily-mined Iraq from previous wars) by both the United States
n and Iraq. While policy from the Clinton administration has the U.S.
signing on with conditions to the treaty in 2006, the current Department
of Defense has recommended that the U.S. ignore and abandon the
growing global consensus against landmine manufacture, trade, and
use, an arrogant and morally bankrupt posture it has taken with
many international agreements.
6. Widows of War are displaced, disinherited, and
- impoverished.
UN studies Women eveal that the household census in developing countries
f fails to document the inequality and poverty of widows within interge Women rationaln
householdslnd misses completely those who are homeless. Widows
who haven surv
ved politicalfnd personal crises, are often uncounted
and unidentified, and are the least likely voices heard. “The
poorest widows,” concludesjthe UN, “are the old and frail,
those with young children to shelter and feed, the internally displaced
and refugees, and those who have been widowed due to armed conflict.”
In Cambodia, 35 percent of rural households are headed by women,
many of whom are widows. Many young widows raisingo children in poverty
have had tof turn to-prostitutionas Women asurvival strategy. Inr regions
sucheas Nepal and Bangladesh, where girls are trafficked into Indian
brothels, the daughters of widows are more likely to be taken out
of school to help their mothers andre particularly at risk of
being trafficked into prostitution.
In the recent war-torn countries of Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Kosovo, Mozambique, and Somalia, the majority of adult women are
widows. Seventy percent of Rwandan children are supported solely
by mothers, grandmothers, or oldest girl children. Girls in Rwanda
are heads of family for an estimated 58,500 households. Many war
widows live as recluses in refugee camps because they have no male
relative to assist in repairing their homes. In Kosovo, where an
estimated 10,000 men died or disappeared, many widows who returned
from refugee camps had no social safety nets and no advocacy organizations
and became indigent and socially marginalized.
7. Women and children are the majority of war refugees.
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